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<p></p> <p><b>صفحهٔ تازه</b></p><div><br /> سَفّاح‌ عباسی (104ـ۱۳۶ق)<br /> <br /> ابوالعباس عبدالله، نخستین خلیفۀ عباسی (حک: ۱۳۲&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;ـ&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;۱۳۶&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;ق).&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; در دوران&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; دعوت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; مخفی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; عباسیان&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، از سوی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; پدر&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌‌&#039;&#039;&#039;عنوان&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; رهبر دعوت،&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; پس&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; از برادرش&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; ابراهیم امام&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، تعیین&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; شد. پس&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; از آشکارشدن دعوت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; و قیام&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; ابومسلم&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; خراسانی، مروان&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; بن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; محمد، آخرین&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; خلیفۀ&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; اموی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، ابراهیم امام را در حُمَیْمَۀ&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; شام&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; دستگیر کرد و کشت.&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; آن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;گاه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; سَفّاح&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; همراهِ&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; برادرانش&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; در محرم&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;۱۳۲ق وارد کوفه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; شدند و ابوسَلَمه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; خَلال&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، سرکردۀ&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; داعیان&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; عباسی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، آن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;ها را مخفی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; کرد. چند ماه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; بعد، تنی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; چند از داعیان&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; بزرگ&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; خراسانی با ابُوالْعَبّاس&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; در مسجد کوفه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; بیعت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; کردند. وی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; پس&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; از رسیدن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; خلافت،&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; عموی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; خود، عبدالله&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; بن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; علی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، را به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; تعقیب&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; مروان&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; فرستاد تا او را در مصر شکست&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; داد و کشت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;. سپس&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; انتقام&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; از بنی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;امیه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; برخاست&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; و بسیاری&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; از آنان&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; را در شام&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، مکه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; و مدینه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به قتل رساند. عبدالله&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; بن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; علی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; فرمان سفاح&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; گورهای&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; خلفای&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; بنی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;امیه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; را در شام&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; شکافت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، و جز عمر بن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; عبدالعزیز، بقایای&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; اجساد آنان&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; را بیرون&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; آورد&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، برخی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; را تازیانه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; زد و همه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; را سوزانید. سفاح&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، ابوسَلَمه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; را به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; وزارت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; برگزید و به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; وی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; لقب «وزیر آل&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; محمد (ص&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;)» داد، اما کمی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; بعد ابومسلم&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; را واداشت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; تا وی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; را به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; جرم&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; تلاش&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; برای&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;خلافت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;رساندن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; علویان&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; قتل&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; رساند.&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; همچنین&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; سپاهی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; مقابله&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; با رومیان فرستاد&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; که&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;سوی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; مرزهای&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; اسلامی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; پیش&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; می&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;آمدند، اما جنگی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; روی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; نداد. وی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; مرکز خلافت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; خود را از کوفه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;سبب&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; شهرت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; مردم&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; آن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; دوستی&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; علویان، به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; حیره&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039;، و در ۱۳۴&#039;&#039;&#039;‌‌&#039;&#039;&#039;ق به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; اَنْبار منتقل&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; کرد و در آن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; جا شهری&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; به&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; نام&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; هاشمیه&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; ساخت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; و در همان&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; شهر درگذشت&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; و دفن&#039;&#039;&#039;‌&#039;&#039;&#039; شد.<br /> <br /> &lt;br/&gt; &lt;!--25169800--&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:دین اسلام]] [[Category:تاریخ اسلام – دوره های اموی و عباسی]]</div>

Mohammadi2